What are some ways to prompt my child to take a talking turn in a conversation?

Sometimes children who are having trouble communicating don't want to or won't take their turn in a conversation. Maybe they have learned to stay quiet so someone else will do the talking. Maybe they haven't had time to talk (many children take a while to be able to say something). Maybe they have become self-conscious about how they talk and are afraid to try. There can be many reasons why a child is not taking their turn in a conversation. If your child doesn't take his/her turn after you have paused for at least 5 seconds you can prompt children to take their turn in the following ways:

Model - Something that you say in order to get your child to imitate you
Example:

Parent: "say red ball"
Child: "red ball"

Parent: "will you say candy?"
Child: "candy"

Direction - A suggestion that you give to your child that requires an answer
Example:

Parent: "tell me your name"
Child: "Johnny"

Parent: "count the bears"
Child: "no"

Ask for an Explanation - When you don't understand your child's talking
Example:

Child : "mumbles"
Parent: "What did you say?"

Child: "I want xxxx"
Parent: "Hmmm?"